Lifeboat Foundation

With a mobile app powered by artificial intelligence (AI), Caitlin Hicks, MD, MS, reviews selfies of patients’ feet in real time to track their wounds as part of a clinical trial. The app saves time for Hicks, a vascular surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medicine, but also reduces clinic trips for her patients with diabetes in inner-city Baltimore, many of whom are elderly and less mobile or have other socioeconomic barriers to care. Hicks knows that for these patients, wound vigilance is the linchpin to preventing infection, hospitalization, or, worse, amputation or even death.

Despite their crushing toll, diabetic foot infections remain stubbornly hard to treat, but multidisciplinary care teams, new drugs and devices on the horizon, and practical solutions to socioeconomic factors could budge the needle.

Startup seeks new biomarkers as it develops cellular reprogramming drugs designed to reverse brain aging and combat dementia.

Researchers from the UoC’s Center for Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine and the UoC CECAD Cluster of Excellence in Aging Research have discovered that an excessive immune response can be prevented by the intramembrane protease RHBDL4.

In a study now published in Nature Communications under the title “RHBDL4-triggered downregulation of COPII adaptor protein TMED7 suppresses TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling,” the previously unknown regulatory mechanism is described.

The researchers discovered that the cleavage of a cargo receptor by a so-called intramembrane protease reduces the localization of a central immune receptor on the cell surface and thereby the risk of an overreaction of the immune system.

Guanylate binding proteins (GBP) were discovered by YSM’s John MacMicking, PhD, and colleagues over a decade ago as major organizers of cellular immune response.

In a recent study, MacMicking’s team used advanced cryo-and electron microscope technology to visualize in high resolution the way GBPs…

Continue reading “Discovery of ‘molecular machine’ brings new immune therapies a step closer” »

Bats are an important group of mammals to understand the ecology, diversity, and transmission of associated microbes – including viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual bat responses to infection and challenges associated with using these metrics. We next discuss infection dynamics within bat populations of the same species, before introducing complexities that arise in multi-species communities of bats, humans and/or livestock. Finally, we outline critical gaps and opportunities for future interdisciplinary work on topics involving bats and their microbes.

Studies of bat-associated microbes (i.e. microorganisms detected in or isolated from bats) date back to rabies virus investigations in the early 1900s [1]. In the past two decades, following the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) in 2003 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, there has been a dramatic increase in research on bat-associated microbes, including viruses, bacteria, haemosporidians and fungi [2–5]. These microbes may or may not cause disease in bats, and thus we broadly use the term ‘microbes’ rather than ‘pathogens’ throughout this paper to acknowledge that detecting microorganisms in bats is distinct from the process of determining pathogenicity [6].

Emerging nanotechnology and molecular innovations present promising strategies in combating inflammation and diabetes, aiming to transform treatment methods and improve patient outcomes significantly.

The intersection of nanotechnology and biomedicine has sparked significant advances in the treatment and understanding of both inflammatory and metabolic diseases. These advances have brought about innovative solutions to longstanding medical challenges, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diseases that collectively affect millions worldwide.

Continue reading “Nanotech and Molecular Advances in Fighting Inflammation and Diabetes” »

Summary: A recent study showcases a significant leap in the study of brain oscillations, particularly ripples, which are crucial for memory organization and are affected in disorders like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s. Researchers have developed a toolbox of AI models trained on rodent EEG data to automate and enhance the detection of these oscillations, proving their efficacy on data from non-human primates.

This breakthrough, stemming from a collaborative hackathon, offers over a hundred optimized machine learning models, including support vector machines and convolutional neural networks, freely available to the scientific community. This development opens new avenues in neurotechnology applications, especially in diagnosing and understanding neurological disorders.

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Cognition and Memory after Covid-19 in a Large Community Sample.

Every time a cell divides, its DNA is duplicated so that the two daughter cells have the same genetic material as their parent. This means that, millions of times a day, a biochemical wonder takes place in the body: the copying of the DNA molecule. It is a high-precision job carried out by specific proteins and includes systems to protect against potential errors that could lead to diseases such as cancer.

One of these anti-failure systems has just been discovered by researchers in the DNA Replication Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), led by Juan Méndez. It is based on a protein that ensures that DNA is copied only once, as it should be, and not twice or more.

The work is published in The EMBO Journal.