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0:00 Intro.
0:32 Oscar91
1:48 Generalization.
2:59 Display.
4:53 Maze to Tilemap Conversion.
6:12 Maze Exploration.
7:51 Wireframe Display.
8:27 Random Generation.

Music (in order):

The U.S. Treasury Department has sanctioned Funnull Technology, a Philippines-based company that supports hundreds of thousands of malicious websites behind cyber scams linked to over $200 million in losses for Americans.

Funnull facilitated virtual currency investment scams (also known as romance baiting and pig butchering) by buying IP addresses in bulk from various cloud service providers. The company sold these IP addresses and hosting services to cybercriminals, enabling them to host malicious websites.

Criminals behind pig butchering scams contact victims through dating sites, social media, and messaging apps, building trust and luring victims into fake investment schemes. However, instead of investing, the fraudsters divert it to accounts they control, stealing their money.

With wildfires increasing in frequency, severity, and size in the Western U.S., researchers are determined to better understand how smoke impacts air quality, public health, and even the weather.

As fires burn, they release enormous amounts of aerosols—the vaporized remains of burning trees and homes that enter the atmosphere and the air we breathe. Now, a new study dissects these aerosols and gases to pinpoint their potential effects on our health as well as the planet’s short and long-term weather.

The research, published in Environmental Science: Atmospheres, measured in Reno, Nevada over a 19-month period between 2017 and 2020 to capture both smoky and clear days. During this timeframe, smoke from more than 106 impacted the city’s air. DRI scientists Siying Lu and Andrey Khlystov led the research, which found increases in both fine aerosols (known as PM 2.5 for the size of the particulate matter) and during smoky days.

As ocean levels rise, coastal communities face an ever-increasing risk of severe flooding. The existing infrastructure protecting many of these communities was not built to withstand the combined threat of rising seas and severe storms seen in this century.

While reinforcing existing flood barriers poses a costly challenge for at-risk communities, it also provides the opportunity to introduce innovative solutions that can provide both flood prevention and environmental benefits.

A group of researchers at UC Santa Cruz and the U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated one such flood mitigation solution, which can reinforce while creating environmentally beneficial coastal habitats. In a study published on May 9 in Scientific Reports, the team evaluated the effectiveness of “horizontal levees”—traditional levees retrofitted with a sloping, wetland border—as a means of strengthening shorelines against the threat of rising sea levels.

Alicella gigantea, a rarely sighted giant crustacean that inhabits the depths of the ocean and can reach up to 34 cm in length, is not rare after all. This species, though elusive, is one of the most widely distributed species of its kind, inhabiting and thriving in more than half of the world’s oceans across the globe, as per a recent Royal Society Open Science paper by researchers from the University of Western Australia.

Amphipods like A. gigantea are shrimp-like crustaceans known for their narrow frames and a signature hump-backed curl in their posture. Found in nearly every aquatic habitat on Earth, amphipods are one of the most diverse crustacean orders, with over 10,000 known species. They roam the , from the abyssal depths (3,000–6,000 m) to beyond hadal zones (6,000 m), but their number significantly decreases as we dive deeper towards the ocean bed.

The first sighting of a 28 cm-long A. gigantea was captured on camera at a depth of 5,304 meters in the abyssal North Pacific, though its identity remained unknown at the time. Subsequent captures eventually confirmed the species as A. gigantea.

The indoor environment contains multiple sources of chemical compounds. These include continuous emissions from housing materials such as furniture, floors and furnishings, but also periodic intense emissions from human activities such as cooking, smoking, and cleaning.

Outdoor air chemicals can also enter indoor environments through infiltration and ventilation. Ozone (O3) from outdoors can react with compounds indoors to create a complex chemical cocktail within the indoor living space. Since people spend up to 90% of their time indoors, exposure to this diverse array of chemical compounds over extended periods is cause for concern, particularly as the human-health impacts of many such chemicals remain poorly understood.

On the basis of their findings in 2022, Jonathan Williams’s research group from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry took a closer look at how the human oxidation field might be influenced by . The study is published in the journal Science Advances.

The ZEUS laser facility at the University of Michigan has roughly doubled the peak power of any other laser in the U.S. with its first official experiment at 2 petawatts (2 quadrillion watts).

At more than 100 times the global electricity power output, this huge power lasts only for the brief duration of its laser pulse—just 25 quintillionths of a second long.

“This milestone marks the beginning of experiments that move into unexplored territory for American high field science,” said Karl Krushelnick, director of the Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, which houses ZEUS.

When zebrafish are relocated to a new environment, they seek protection by diving and staying at the safety home, until they feel safe enough to explore the unfamiliar environment (26). The swimming trajectories showed that zebrafish in the control group can swiftly explore and adapt to the novel environment, but chronic exposure to acrylamide reduces the ability to adapt to the unfamiliar environment (Fig. 3 A). Visualized heatmaps showed significant changes in swimming trajectories of zebrafish in the acrylamide exposure groups compared with those in the control group (Fig. 3 B). Furthermore, we found the swimming time and distance ratios in Zone 1 exhibited a dose-dependent decreasing trend in acrylamide exposure groups. Chronic exposure to acrylamide (0.5 mM) significantly decreased both swimming time and distance in Zone 1 and increased those in Zone 2 (Fig. 3 C and D). We recorded the novel object exploration test to visualize the behavioral alteration between the control and each acrylamide-treated group (Movie S3). The movie displays that zebrafish in the control group could swiftly explore and adapt to the novel environment, but chronic exposure to acrylamide reduced the ability to adapt to the unfamiliar environment, which indicated that acrylamide induces anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors by reducing exploration ability of zebrafish.

Moreover, the social preference test was used to assess sociality of zebrafish. Since the zebrafish are a group preference species, they frequently swim by forming a school and swim closely to one another (27). In the current social preference test, representative radar maps and visualized heatmaps exhibited significant changes of preference in swimming trajectories of zebrafish in acrylamide exposure groups compared to those in the control group, indicating that chronic exposure to acrylamide remarkably impairs the sociality of zebrafish (Fig. 3 E–G). For detailed parameters of behavioral trajectories, chronic exposure to acrylamide (0.5 mM) significantly increased both swimming time and distance ratios in the left zone and decreased those in the right zone (Fig. 3 H and I). Notably, chronic exposure to acrylamide (0.5 mM) significantly elevated traversing times and number of crossing the middle line (Fig. 3 J and K).

In a test of the examinations system of the University of Reading in the UK, artificial intelligence (AI)-generated submissions went almost entirely undetected, and these fake answers tended to receive higher grades than those achieved by real students. Peter Scarfe of the University of Reading and colleagues present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on June 26.

In recent years, AI tools such as ChatGPT have become more advanced and widespread, leading to concerns about students using them to cheat by submitting AI-generated work as their own. Such concerns are heightened by the fact that many universities and schools transitioned from supervised in-person exams to unsupervised take-home exams during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many now continuing such models. Tools for detecting AI-generated written text have so far not proven very successful.

To better understand these issues, Scarfe and colleagues generated answers that were 100% written by the AI chatbot GPT-4 and submitted on behalf of 33 fake students to the examinations system of the School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences at the University of Reading. Exam graders were unaware of the study.