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Archive for the ‘health’ category: Page 2

Dec 8, 2024

The AI Revolution in Medicine

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI

Artificial intelligence is quickly becoming an integral tool in health care. In our new collection, the editors of NEJM AI provide insight into how the use of AI in clinical practice can improve patient care and outcomes.

Featured in this collection:

GPT versus Resident Physicians — A Benchmark Based on Official Board Scores Artificial Intelligence–Powered Rapid Identification of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction via Electrocardiogram (ARISE) — A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Use of GPT-4 to Diagnose Complex Clinical Cases.

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Dec 8, 2024

Nivolumab against lung cancer: How is the gut–lung axis involved?

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health

The study of the gut microbiome, which is the total of all the microbes living in the intestines, has been shown to not only play an important role in the health of the bowel itself, but also in the health of distant organs such as the lungs. Lung cancer is one of the diseases that is often difficult to treat successfully. Rohan Kubba from the California Northstate University, Elk Grove, USA, believes that by studying the gut microbiome he can understand more about how anti-cancer treatments affect the gut–lung axis, and how the variations found in patient microbe populations are associated with treatment outcomes.

The microbiome consists of thousands of species including bacteria, fungi, and viruses (microbiota). Each person has an entirely unique network of microbiota, most of them living in their gut but also on the skin, mouth, and lungs. Each person’s microbiome is formed by a combination of factors, including but not limited to exposure to microorganisms during natural birth, consuming their mother’s milk, and later on in life, environmental factors such as diet.

Gut microbiome and disease.

Dec 7, 2024

From Dictation to Automation: The Rise of AI Scribes in Healthcare

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, information science, robotics/AI

Despite technological advances like electronic health records (EHRs) and dictation tools, the administrative load on healthcare providers has only grown, often overshadowing the time and energy dedicated to direct patient care. This escalation in clerical tasks is a major contributor to physician burnout and dissatisfaction, affecting not only the well-being of providers but also the quality of care they deliver.

During consultations, the focus on documentation can detract from meaningful patient interactions, resulting in fragmented, rushed, and sometimes impersonal communication. The need for a solution that both streamlines documentation and restores the patient-centred nature of healthcare has never been more pressing. This is where AI-powered medical scribes come into play, offering a promising path from traditional dictation to fully automated, integrated documentation support.

AI medical scribe software utilises advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning to transcribe, in real time, entire patient-physician consultations without the need for traditional audio recordings. Leveraging sophisticated speech recognition and natural-language processing (NLP) algorithms, AI scribes are capable of interpreting and processing complex medical conversations with impressive accuracy. These systems can intelligently filter out non-essential dialogue, such as greetings and small talk, to create a streamlined and detailed clinical note.

Dec 7, 2024

Network-based analyses uncover how neuroinflammation-causing microglia in Alzheimer’s disease form

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, genetics, health, neuroscience

Cleveland Clinic Genome Center researchers have unraveled how immune cells called microglia can transform and drive harmful processes like neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. The study, published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia, also integrates drug databases with real-world patient data to identify FDA-approved drugs that may be repurposed to target disease-associated microglia in Alzheimer’s disease without affecting the healthy type.

The researchers, led by study corresponding author Feixiong Cheng, Ph.D., hope their unique approach of integrating genetic, chemical and human health data to identify and corresponding drugs will inspire other scientists to take similar approaches in their own research.

Microglia are specialized that patrol our brains, seeking and responding to tissue damage and external threats like bacteria and viruses. Different types of microglial cells use different methods to keep the brain safe. Some may cause neuroinflammation—inflammation in the brain—to fight invaders or kickstart the repair process in damaged cells. Others may work to “eat” dangerous substances in the brain, and clean up damage and debris. However, during Alzheimer’s disease, new types of microglia can form that promote .

Dec 6, 2024

Protein engineering research reveals the mysteries of life, enabling advances in pharmaceuticals

Posted by in categories: bioengineering, biotech/medical, chemistry, food, health

Proteins are so much more than nutrients in food. Virtually every reaction in the body that makes life possible involves this large group of molecules. And when things go wrong in our health, proteins are usually part of the problem.

In certain types of heart disease, for instance, the proteins in cardiac tissue, seen with , are visibly disordered. Alex Dunn, professor of chemical engineering, describes proteins like the beams of a house: “We can see that in unhealthy heart muscle cells, all of those beams are out of place.”

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, making the biochemical processes of life possible. These workhorses include enzymes, which bind to other molecules to speed up reactions, and antibodies that attach to viruses and prevent them from infecting cells.

Dec 6, 2024

Prevention and screening outpace treatment advances for averting death from five cancer types, study reveals

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health

Improvements in cancer prevention and screening have averted more deaths from five cancer types combined over the past 45 years than treatment advances, according to a modeling study led by researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

The study, published Dec. 5, 2024, in JAMA Oncology, looked at deaths from breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer that were averted by the combination of prevention, , and advances.

The researchers focused on these five cancers because they are among the most common causes of cancer deaths and strategies exist for their prevention, early detection, and/or treatment. In recent years, these five cancers have made up nearly half of all new cancer diagnoses and deaths.

Dec 5, 2024

Building a “Google Maps” for Biology: Human Cell Atlas Revolutionizes Medicine

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, health, information science, robotics/AI

New research from the Human Cell Atlas offers insights into cell development, disease mechanisms, and genetic influences, enhancing our understanding of human biology and health.

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) consortium has made significant progress in its mission to better understand the cells of the human body in health and disease, with a recent publication of a Collection of more than 40 peer-reviewed papers in Nature and other Nature Portfolio journals.

The Collection showcases a range of large-scale datasets, artificial intelligence algorithms, and biomedical discoveries from the HCA that are enhancing our understanding of the human body. The studies reveal insights into how the placenta and skeleton form, changes during brain maturation, new gut and vascular cell states, lung responses to COVID-19, and the effects of genetic variation on disease, among others.

Dec 4, 2024

AI Just Beat Doctors at Diagnosing Illness (Here’s Why That’s Actually GREAT News)

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI

A groundbreaking study just revealed AI outperforming human doctors at medical diagnosis — but before you panic, this could be the best news yet for healthcare.

This hits personally for me. From my kiddo’s misdiagnosed case of hives to my own health struggles with multiple doctors, I’ve seen firsthand why we need AI to empower (not replace) medical professionals. I’m sure I’m not the only one.

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Dec 4, 2024

Dr. Amal Al-Maani, MD — Director General, Diseases Surveillance & Control, Ministry of Health, Oman

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health

Multisectoral approaches for combating antimicrobial resistance — dr. amal al-maani — director general, diseases surveillance & control, ministry of health oman.


Dr. Amal Al-Maani, MD is Director General for Diseases Surveillance and Control at the Ministry of Health of Oman (https://moh.gov.om/en/hospitals-direc…), senior consultant in pediatric infectious diseases in the Sultanate, and is the focal point for the Global Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance System (GLASS) and is responsible for Oman national surveillance system for AMR (OMASS) and the national Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) program.

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Dec 4, 2024

Scientists discover Novel Metabolic Compound that can Regulate Body Weight

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and collaborating institutions report in the journal Cell the discovery of BHB-Phe, a novel compound produced by the body that regulates appetite and body weight through interactions with neurons in the brain.

Until now, BHB has been known as a compound produced by the liver to be used as fuel. However, in recent years, scientists have found that BHB increases in the body after fasting or exercise, prompting interest in investigating potential beneficial applications in obesity and diabetes.

In the current study, the team at Stanford University led by co-corresponding author Dr. Jonathan Z. Long, associate professor of pathology, discovered that BHB also participates in another metabolic pathway. In this case, an enzyme called CNDP2 joins BHB to amino acids. Furthermore, the most abundant BHB-amino acid, BHB-Phe, can influence body weight and metabolism in animal models.

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