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Archive for the ‘particle physics’ category: Page 241

Sep 11, 2022

What is the Standard Model?

Posted by in category: particle physics

The Standard Model is our best theory for how the universe operates, but there are some missing pieces that physicists are struggling to find.

The Standard Model of physics is the theory of particles, fields and the fundamental forces that govern them.

It tells us about how families of elementary particles group together to form larger composite particles, and how one particle can interact with another, and how particles respond to the fundamental forces of nature. It has made successful predictions such as the existence of the Higgs boson, and acts as the cornerstone for theoretical physics.

Sep 10, 2022

Scientists Just Made Hydrogen Fuel With Nothing But Air and Solar Power

Posted by in categories: climatology, particle physics, solar power, sustainability

Even in the driest climates, though, there is a considerable amount of moisture in the air. The researchers note that even in places like the Sahel desert, relative humidity is still around 20 percent on average. So they set about finding a way to use this untapped water resource to produce hydrogen.

Their device consists of a water harvesting unit that houses a sponge soaked in a water-absorbing liquid that can pull moisture from the air. On either side of this reservoir are electrodes that can be powered by any renewable energy source. When a current runs through the circuit, the water is split via electrolysis into its constituent oxygen and hydrogen atoms, which can then be collected as gas.

The team showed that the device could run efficiently for 12 consecutive days and produced hydrogen with 99 percent purity. What’s more, the device continues to work in relative humidity as low as four percent.

Sep 10, 2022

Ask Ethan: How do fundamental particles create consciousness?

Posted by in categories: neuroscience, particle physics

At a fundamental level, only a few particles and forces govern all of reality. How do their combinations create human consciousness?

Sep 10, 2022

Water transformed into shiny, golden metal

Posted by in categories: chemistry, particle physics, space

Circa 2021 face_with_colon_three


Metallic non-metals

Continue reading “Water transformed into shiny, golden metal” »

Sep 9, 2022

A little strain goes a long way in reducing fuel cell performance

Posted by in categories: materials, particle physics

Many of us are all too familiar with how strain in work relationships can impact performance, but new research shows that materials in electricity-producing fuel cells may be sensitive to strain on an entirely different level.

Researchers from Kyushu University report that strain caused by just a 2% reduction in the distance between atoms when deposited on a surface leads to a whopping 99.999% decrease in the speed at which the materials conduct , greatly reducing the performance of solid oxide cells.

Developing methods to reduce this strain will help bring high-performance fuel cells for clean energy production to a wider number of households in the future.

Sep 9, 2022

Groundbreaking Proton Discovery That May Rewrite Science Textbooks

Posted by in categories: bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, particle physics, science, space

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a new groundbreaking discovery about a proton — a charm quark on the inside?
Links:
Previous video: https://youtu.be/8BTZOz850GI
Unusual experiment findings: https://youtu.be/jYAsW8OXg7c.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04998-2
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0370269380903640
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-9I0buDi4s.
https://www.jlab.org/
https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/5/2/15
#charm #proton #physics.

Continue reading “Groundbreaking Proton Discovery That May Rewrite Science Textbooks” »

Sep 9, 2022

Unraveling a mystery surrounding cosmic matter

Posted by in categories: cosmology, particle physics

Early in its history, shortly after the Big Bang, the universe was filled with equal amounts of matter and “antimatter”—particles that are matter counterparts but with…

Sep 8, 2022

BREAKING: Large Hadron Collider Just Discovered Three New Exotic Particles

Posted by in category: particle physics

The European nuclear research facility CERN announced on Tuesday that scientists using the upgraded Large Hadron Collider (LHC) had identified three previously unknown particles.

After a three-year suspension for improvements, the world’s biggest and most powerful particle collider resumed operation. The modernized LHC enables researchers to analyze twenty times more collisions than previously.

Using the improved collider, CERN researchers discovered a “pentaquark” and the first-ever pair of “tetraquarks.”

Sep 8, 2022

Cooler Atoms for Better Atomic Clocks

Posted by in categories: computing, particle physics, quantum physics

Over the last decade, improvements in optical atomic clocks have repeatedly led to devices that have broken records for their precision (see Viewpoint: A Boost in Precision for Optical Atomic Clocks). To achieve even better performance, physicists must find a way to cool the atoms in these clocks to lower temperatures, which would allow them to use shallower atom traps and reduce measurement uncertainty. Tackling this challenge, Xiaogang Zhang and colleagues at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Colorado, have cooled a gas of ytterbium atoms to a record low temperature of a few tens of nanokelvin [1]. As well as enabling the next generation of optical atomic clocks, the researchers say that their technique could be used to cool atoms in neutral-atom quantum computers.

Divalent atoms such as ytterbium are especially suited to precision metrology, as their lack of net electronic spin makes them less sensitive than other species to environmental noise. These atoms can be cooled to the necessary sub-µK temperatures in several ways, but not all techniques are compatible with the requirements of high-precision clocks. For example, evaporative cooling, in which the most energetic atoms are removed, is time-consuming and depletes the atoms. Meanwhile, resolved sideband cooling chills the motion of the atoms only along the axis of the 1D optical trap, leaving their off-axis motion unaffected.

Zhang and colleagues cool their atoms using a laser tuned to ytterbium’s so-called clock transition, whose extremely narrow linewidth means that the atom can theoretically be cooled to below 10 nK. They demonstrate that the precision of a clock employing a shallow lattice trap enabled by such a temperature would not be limited by atoms tunneling between adjacent lattice sites, potentially allowing a measurement uncertainty below 10-19.

Sep 8, 2022

Opinion: Physicists can now use lasers to move atoms in previously untested ways

Posted by in category: particle physics

The defining feature of a Bose-Einstein condensate is that its atoms behave very differently from what we normally expect. Instead of acting as independent particles, they all have the same (very low) energy and are coordinated with each other.

This is similar to the difference between photons (light particles) coming from the Sun, which may have many different wavelengths (energies) and oscillate independently, and those in laser beams, which all have the same wavelength and oscillate together.

In this new state of matter, the atoms act much more like a single, wave-like structure than a group of individual particles. Researchers have demonstrated wave-like interference patterns between two different Bose-Einstein condensates and even produce moving “BEC droplets.” The latter can be considered the atomic equivalent of a laser beam.