ABSTRACT. We present a new, cosmologically model-independent, statistical analysis of the Pantheon$+$ Type Ia Supernovae spectroscopic data set, improving.
Investigators from Cedars-Sinai and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have identified a new way to deliver instructions that tell stem cells to grow into specific bodily structures, a critical step in eventually regenerating and repairing tissues and organs.
The scientists engineered cells that form structures called “synthetic organizers.” These organizers provided instructions to the stem cells through biochemical signals called morphogens, which stimulated and enabled the stem cells to grow into specific complex tissues and organ-like assemblies.
The research was conducted with mouse embryonic stem cells, and the findings were published in Cell.
Monitoring electrical signals in biological systems helps scientists understand how cells communicate, which can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions like arrhythmia and Alzheimer’s.
But devices that record electrical signals in cell cultures and other liquid environments often use wires to connect each electrode on the device to its respective amplifier. Because only so many wires can be connected to the device, this restricts the number of recording sites, limiting the information that can be collected from cells.
MIT researchers have now developed a biosensing technique that eliminates the need for wires. Instead, tiny, wireless antennas use light to detect minute electrical signals.
Figuring out certain aspects of a material’s electron structure can take a lot out of a computer—up to a million CPU hours, in fact. A team of Yale researchers, though, are using a type of artificial intelligence to make these calculations much faster and more accurately. Among other benefits, this makes it much easier to discover new materials. Their results are published in Nature Communications.
In the field of materials science, exploring the electronic structure of real materials is of particular interest, since it allows for better understanding of the physics of larger and more complex systems, such as moiré systems and defect states. Researchers typically will use a method known as density functional theory (DFT) to explore electronic structure, and for the most part it works fine.
Most of Earth’s meteorites also trace their origins to S-type asteroids, yet they contain minimal organic material. This scarcity has made analyzing their organic content a significant challenge. In contrast, the Hayabusa mission’s meticulously curated samples are free from terrestrial interference, enabling groundbreaking studies of organic compounds.
Among the particles returned by Hayabusa, one named “Amazon” has proven particularly revealing. Measuring just 30 micrometers wide, Amazon offers a rare opportunity to investigate both water and organic content. Its unique shape, reminiscent of the South American continent, underscores its distinctiveness.
Amazon’s mineral composition includes olivine, pyroxenes, albite, and traces of high-temperature carbonates. These minerals confirm its origin as an S-type asteroid, linking it directly to ordinary chondrites.
Researchers have devised a way to make computer vision systems more efficient by building networks out of computer chips’ logic gates.
One of the biggest mysteries in science—dark energy—doesn’t actually exist, according to researchers looking to solve the riddle of how the universe is expanding.
Their analysis has been published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters.
For the past 100 years, physicists have generally assumed that the cosmos is growing equally in all directions. They employed the concept of dark energy as a placeholder to explain unknown physics they couldn’t understand, but the contentious theory has always had its problems.
Plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in a solid and are important for a wide range of applications, such as sensing, catalysis, and light harvesting. Plasmonic waves that travel along the surface of a metal, called surface plasmon polaritons, have been studied for their ability to enhance electromagnetic fields.
One of the most powerful tools for studying these waves is time-resolved electron microscopy, which uses ultrashort laser pulses to observe how these plasmonic waves behave. An international research team recently pushed the boundaries of this technique.
As reported in Advanced Photonics, the researchers used multiple time-delayed laser pulses of four different polarizations to capture the full electric field of these waves. This method allowed them to achieve a level of accuracy previously not possible.
