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Sep 24, 2024

Language agents help large language models ‘think’ better and cheaper

Posted by in categories: information science, law, mathematics, robotics/AI

The large language models that have increasingly taken over the tech world are not “cheap” in many ways. The most prominent LLMs, such as GPT-4, took some $100 million to build in the form of legal costs of accessing training data, computational power costs for what could be billions or trillions of parameters, the energy and water needed to fuel computation, and the many coders developing the training algorithms that must run cycle after cycle so the machine will “learn.”

But, if a researcher needs to do a specialized task that a machine could do more efficiently and they don’t have access to a large institution that offers access to generative AI tools, what other options are available? Say, a parent wants to prep their child for a difficult test and needs to show many examples of how to solve complicated math problems.

Building their own LLM is an onerous prospect for costs mentioned above, and making direct use of the big models like GPT-4 and Llama 3.1 might not immediately be suited for the complex in logic and math their task requires.

Sep 24, 2024

Stephen Hawking’s black hole radiation paradox could finally be solved — if black holes aren’t what they seem

Posted by in categories: cosmology, quantum physics, singularity

New research suggests that black holes may actually be “frozen stars,” bizarre quantum objects that lack a singularity and an event horizon, potentially solving some of the biggest paradoxes in black hole physics.

Sep 24, 2024

Archaeologists Discovered an Ancient Chinese Immortality Potion. It Exposes the True Cost of Chasing Eternal Life

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, life extension

Humans have been trying to cheat death for thousands of years. Myths about elixirs promising immortality span various cultures, as do real concoctions that often did more harm than good. One of the most misguided attempts at creating a potion for immortality involved the first emperor of China and mercury pills. In his obsession with finding a formula that would grant him eternal life, Qin Shi Huang downed mercury and other toxic substances nearly two millennia ago, believing his alchemists had hit upon the perfect magical tonic. Unsurprisingly, he died prematurely at age 49.

Archeologists have discovered another 2,000-year-old “elixir for immortality” that sheds light on the true cost of chasing down eternal life.

While excavating the tomb of a Western Han noble family in China’s Henan province in 2018, researchers unearthed a bronze pot. At first, the team thought the liquid inside was wine, but more recently determined that it was an alchemist’s formulation: a yellow liquid containing potassium nitrate and alunite. These two ingredients are cited in ancient Taoist texts as ingredients for immortality. Potassium nitrate is an inorganic salt used today as a natural source of nitrate, and is a useful ingredient in food preservatives, fertilizer, and fireworks. Alunite is a mineral that forms in volcanic or sedimentary environments when sulfur-rich minerals oxidize. It has historically been used to make alum, which is important for water purification, tanning, and dyeing.

Sep 24, 2024

Can Information Escape a Black Hole?

Posted by in categories: cosmology, particle physics

Episode · The Joy of Why · Nothing escapes a black hole… or does it? In the 1970s, Stephen Hawking described a subtle process by which black holes can “evaporate,” with some particles evading gravitational oblivion. This phenomenon, now dubbed “Hawking radiation,” seems inherently at odds with general relativity, but it gets weirder still: If particles can escape, do they preserve some information about the matter that was obliterated? Leonard Susskind, a physicist at Stanford University, found himself at odds with Hawking when it came to answering this question. In this episode, co-host Janna Levin speaks with Susskind about the “black hole war” that ensued and the powerful scientific lessons that have radiated from one of the most famous paradoxes in physics.

Sep 24, 2024

Silicon Valley billionaire says AI will take over 80% of work in 80% of jobs

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, employment, food, robotics/AI

“I estimate that 80% of 80% of all jobs, maybe more, can be done by an AI,” famed investor and entrepreneur Vinod Khosla has warned. “Be it primary care doctors, psychiatrists, sales people, oncologists, farm workers or assembly line workers, structural engineers, chip designers, you name it.”


Say hello to a universal income and a 3-day week.

Continue reading “Silicon Valley billionaire says AI will take over 80% of work in 80% of jobs” »

Sep 24, 2024

A Striped Surprise

Posted by in categories: internet, space

Last week, team scientists and the internet alike were amazed when Perseverance spotted a black-and-white striped rock unlike any seen on Mars before. Is this a sign of exciting discoveries to come?

Sep 24, 2024

Phase transition in magic with random quantum circuits

Posted by in categories: computing, quantum physics

In quantum computing, “magic” refers to a special quality of quantum states that is essential for enabling powerful, fault-tolerant quantum computations.


Coherent noise affecting a random error correcting code is now shown to produce aion between phases that accumulate and destroy magic.

Sep 24, 2024

Scientists Create Microscopic Robots to Treat Brain Aneurysms Safely

Posted by in categories: bioengineering, health, robotics/AI

Scientists have developed microscopic robots capable of treating brain aneurysms with unprecedented precision, offering a potential alternative to invasive brain surgeries. An international team, including researchers from the University of Edinburgh, engineered these nanorobots to safely and accurately deliver life-saving medications to the brain. This advancement comes in the context of a global health challenge, […].

Sep 24, 2024

Physicists use quantum correlations of photon pairs to hide images from standard cameras

Posted by in categories: electronics, quantum physics

What if you could hide an image in plain sight—so well that even the most advanced cameras couldn’t detect it? Imagine encoding visual information using the properties of quantum optics, rendering it invisible to normal imaging technology.

Sep 24, 2024

A two-dose schedule could make HIV vaccines more effective

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

Several years ago, MIT researchers showed that administering a series of escalating doses of an HIV vaccine over a two-week period could help overcome a part of that challenge by generating larger quantities of neutralizing antibodies. However, a multidose vaccine regimen administered over a short time is not practical for mass vaccination campaigns.

In a new study, the researchers have now found that they can achieve a similar immune response with just two doses, given one week apart. The first dose, which is much smaller, prepares the immune system to respond more powerfully to the second, larger dose.

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