Lifeboat Foundation

Brain-inspired hardware emulates the structure and working principles of a biological brain and may address the hardware bottleneck for fast-growing artificial intelligence (AI). Current brain-inspired silicon chips are promising but still limit their power to fully mimic brain function for AI computing. Here, we develop Brainoware, living AI hardware that harnesses the computation power of 3D biological neural networks in a brain organoid. Brain-like 3D in vitro cultures compute by receiving and sending information via a multielectrode array. Applying spatiotemporal electrical stimulation, this approach not only exhibits nonlinear dynamics and fading memory properties but also learns from training data. Further experiments demonstrate real-world applications in solving non-linear equations. This approach may provide new insights into AI hardware.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the future of human life across various real-world fields such as industry, medicine, society, and education¹. The remarkable success of AI has been largely driven by the rise of artificial neural networks (ANNs), which process vast numbers of real-world datasets (big data) using silicon computing chips ^{2, 3}. However, current AI hardware keeps AI from reaching its full potential since training ANNs on current computing hardware produces massive heat and is heavily time-consuming and energy-consuming ^{4– 6}, significantly limiting the scale, speed, and efficiency of ANNs. Moreover, current AI hardware is approaching its theoretical limit and dramatically decreasing its development no longer following ‘Moore’s law’^{7, 8}, and facing challenges stemming from the physical separation of data from data-processing units known as the ‘von Neumann bottleneck’^{9, 10}. Thus, AI needs a hardware revolution^{8, 11}.

A breakthrough in AI hardware may be inspired by the structure and function of a human brain, which has a remarkably efficient ability, known as natural intelligence (NI), to process and learn from spatiotemporal information. For example, a human brain forms a 3D living complex biological network of about 200 billion cells linked to one another via hundreds of trillions of nanometer-sized synapses^{12, 13}. Their high efficiency renders a human brain to be ideal hardware for AI. Indeed, a typical human brain expands a power of about 20 watts, while current AI hardware consumes about 8 million watts to drive a comparative ANN⁶. Moreover, the human brain could effectively process and learn information from noisy data with minimal training cost by neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis,^{14, 15} avoiding the huge energy consumption in doing the same job by current high precision computing approaches^{12, 13}.

Remarks by David Chalmers in a memorial session for Daniel Dennett, at ASSC 27 (the 27th meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness) in Tokyo on July 3, 2024. Filmed by Van Royko and Marie-Philippe Gilbert for EyeSteelFilm.

“We discovered that the glass beads in the Chang’e-5 lunar soil can preserve iron particles of different sizes, from about 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer,” said Prof. Bai.

“It is generally difficult to distinguish npFe0 of different origins observed together in single samples. Here we used the rotation feature of the impact glass beads to clearly distinguish npFe0 formed before and after the solidification of the host glass beads.”

In this study, the scientists found numerous discrete large npFe0, tens of nanometers in size, which tended to concentrate towards the extremities of the glass beads. This concentration effect can cause ultralarge npFe0 to protrude from the extremities.

Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley have developed cutting-edge nanoscale optical imaging techniques to provide unprecedented insights into the ultrafast carrier dynamics in advanced materials. Two recent studies, published in Advanced Materials (“Transient Nanoscopy of Exciton Dynamics in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides”) and ACS Photonics (“Near-Field Nanoimaging of Phases and Carrier Dynamics in Vanadium Dioxide Nanobeams”), showcase significant progress in understanding the carrier behaviors in two-dimensional and phase-change materials, with implications for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.

The research team, led by Prof. Costas P. Grigoropoulos, Dr. Jingang Li, and graduate student Rundi Yang, employed a novel near-field transient nanoscopy technique to probe the behavior of materials at the nanoscale with both high spatial and temporal resolution. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional optical methods, allowing researchers to directly visualize and analyze phenomena that were previously difficult to observe.

Schematic of the near-field transient nanoscopy. (Image: Adapted from DOI:10.1002/adma.202311568, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

NASA astronaut Donald Pettit took a photo of stars from the International Space Station in 2003. It’s no longer “possible” to take it now.

The ancient creature’s guts bring ancient history to life.

The ocean was discovered 430 miles deep into the Earth’s mantle, which was usually thought to be a hot rocky layer devoid of water.

The pulse of increased seismicity starting at around 10 a.m. Wednesday and another pulse starting at around 4 a.m. today. As of 8:45 a.m., Hawaiian Volcano Observatory officials reported the pulse was still ongoing.

According to Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, the seismicity and elevated ground deformation rates suggests magma may be slowly moving out of the summit storage region. Additional seismic pulses or swarms may occur with little or no warning and result in either continued intrusion of magma or eruption of lava.