Lifeboat Foundation

In a recent study published in Cell, researchers used a multi-omics approach to profile the gut microbiomes and metabolomes of mothers and infants to determine the vertical and horizontal transmission of bacterial species and strains as well as individual genes and understand the dynamics of the gut microbiome assembly that shape the development of the infant before and after birth.

The vertical transmission of gut bacteria from mother to fetus during pregnancy and the horizontal transfer of microbes through breast milk plays a vital role in the physical and cognitive development of the infant long after birth. Studies have shown associations between the gut microbiota composition of breastmilk and the development of the infant’s immune system, as well as autoimmune conditions and allergies. Furthermore, allergies and autoimmune disorders have also been linked to exogenous proteins in infant formula.

Metabolites produced by gut microbiota are also associated with the infant’s cognitive development. However, the development of gut microbiomes and metabolomes in the perinatal stage and their role in infant development remains unclear.

Although the toxicity of graphene‐based nanomaterials on human health has been extensively studied, their impact on the microbiome remains poorly understood. Using zebrafish as a model, we show that graphene oxide modulates the immune system in a microbiome‐dependent manner through a mechanism mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The study suggests an interplay among graphene‐based nanomaterials, microbiome and innate immune system.

Scientists have discovered that an inflammatory cytokine known as LIGHT is a major factor in the deadly airway damage that can affect people with severe asthma. This research has suggested that such airway damage could be reversed by therapeutics that halt LIGHT, and the molecule could offer a way to treat asthma. The study, which used a mouse model and human tissue, has been reported in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

“This is a very, very significant finding,” said senior study author and LJI Professor Michael Croft, Ph.D. “This research gives us a better understanding of the potential of therapeutic targeting of LIGHT and what we might do to relieve some of the symptoms and some of the inflammatory features seen in patients who have severe asthma.”

The secret to great health is within our control, based on 23 drivers that are largely modifiable.

Immunotherapy is a type of drug that might be an option if you have triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer, also called basal-like breast cancer, is not sensitive to hormones. This means that the breast cancer cells don’t use estrogen or progesterone to grow and they don’t have hormone receptors. This type of breast cancer also doesn’t produce too much of the growth-promoting protein called HER2.

“Triple-negative breast cancer is about 10% to 15% of all breast cancer cases,” says Pooja Advani, M.D., a medical oncologist with the Robert and Monica Jacoby Center for Breast Health at Mayo Clinic in Florida.

Cells with XX or XY chromosomes provide researchers with a new tool to study how differences in sex chromosomes can influence health and development.

Professor Carmit Levy. Credit: Tel Aviv University.

Professor Carmit Levy from the Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry and Dr. Yftach Gepner from the School of Public Health and the Sylvan Adams Sports Institute at TAU’s Sackler Faculty of Medicine conducted the study. Prof. Levy notes that the new research has resulted in a very important discovery by merging scientific know-how from different schools at TAU, which may help avoid metastatic cancer, Israel’s top cause of death. The study was recently published on the cover of the journal of Cancer Research.

Prof. Levy and Dr. Gepner: “Studies have demonstrated that physical exercise reduces the risk for some types of cancer by up to 35%. This positive effect is similar to the impact of exercise on other conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes. In this study we added new insight, showing that high-intensity aerobic exercise, which derives its energy from sugar, can reduce the risk of metastatic cancer by as much as 72%. If so far the general message to the public has been ‘be active, be healthy’, now we can explain how aerobic activity can maximize the prevention of the most aggressive and metastatic types of cancer.”

We all lead busy lives, and it can be hard to remember to eat healthy. Sometimes, it’s easier to just grab food off the shelf, thinking only of the convenience and not of the nutritional value. Processed foods are always on-hand, and they’ve saved us time and energy in the past. But, at what cost?

Many of the products on this list are staples of our daily diet. However, if not eaten in strict moderation (or avoided completely) they can lead to long-term health problems. Some of these products are clearly harmful, but others seem like healthy foods, only to be proven unhealthy when it’s too late. After looking at this list, you might want to reconsider what you put on your shopping list.

In this episode, Emad and Peter discuss everything from AI-generated content and property rights to ethical implications, along with the upcoming hyper-disruption wave of technology in all industries.

Emad Mostaque is the CEO and Co-Founder of Stability AI, a company funding the development of open-source music-and image-generating systems such as Dance Diffusion and Stable Diffusion.

Continue reading “AI Will Be a Public Good With Emad Mostaque | EP #16 Moonshots and Mindsets” »